Define MVC architecture in Java.

MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a widely used design pattern in Java applications, especially in web development. It separates an application into three interconnected components to improve modularity and maintainability.

Model – This component represents the data and business logic. It interacts with the database, processes data, and applies business rules. In Java, the Model is typically implemented using Java classes, Hibernate, or JPA for database operations.

View – The View is responsible for displaying data to users. It consists of frontend technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSP, or Thymeleaf. The View does not contain business logic; it only presents data fetched from the Model.

Controller – The Controller acts as a bridge between the Model and the View. It processes user inputs, calls the Model for data, and determines which View to display. In Java, Spring MVC provides controllers using @Controller and @RestController annotations to handle requests.

How MVC Works in Java Full Stack Development?
The user interacts with the View (UI).
The Controller receives the user request and processes it.
The Model retrieves data from the database and applies business logic.
The View displays the processed data to the user.
MVC enhances code organization, makes applications scalable, and ensures a clean separation of concerns. It is widely used in Java Full Stack Development with frameworks like Spring MVC and Spring Boot.

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